Clues From Many Sources
History is not simply a list of facts. Historians ask questions about the past and build explanations using evidence. A primary source was created during the time being studied. Letters, tools, photographs, speeches, oral histories, and government records can all be primary sources.
A secondary source is created later by someone studying the past. Textbooks, documentaries, and many history articles are secondary sources. Secondary sources use primary sources and other research to explain events.
From Evidence to Explanation
A source does not speak for itself. Historians identify who created it, when it was created, and why. They consider the creator’s point of view and what information might be missing.
Historians then corroborate, or compare, sources. When several independent sources support the same idea, a claim becomes stronger. When sources disagree, historians study the disagreement instead of hiding it. New evidence can change an accepted explanation of the past.
Observe, Reflect, Question
One useful source routine begins with observation: What do you notice without making guesses? Next, reflect on what those details might mean. Finally, ask questions about the creator, audience, purpose, and missing information.
A primary source is not automatically accurate or unbiased. It tells us what one person or group recorded from a particular position. Historians place it in context and compare it with other evidence before using it to support a claim.
Check Your Understanding
Choose the best answer. If you miss one, use the feedback and try again.
Which item is a primary source for studying a historical event?
Why do historians compare more than one source?